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␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ ⊂F1


␈↓ α,␈↓α␈↓ ¬BTECHNOLOGY, CRIME, AND CIVIL LIBERTIES

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Crime␈α∪and␈α∪civil␈α∪liberties␈α∪are␈α∪related␈α∪because␈α∪measures␈α∪to␈α∪control␈α∪crime␈α∪can␈α∪easily␈α∪infringe
␈↓ α,␈↓on␈α∃civil␈α∃liberty.␈α∃ It␈α∃seems␈α∃to␈α∃be␈α∃easier␈α∃to␈α∃think␈α∃of␈α∃anti-crime␈α∃measures␈α∃than␈α∃to␈α∃come␈α∃up␈α∃with
␈↓ α,␈↓ways to guarantee civil rights.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|At␈α⊗any␈α⊗given␈α⊗level␈α⊗of␈α⊗law␈α⊗enforcement␈α⊗technology,␈α⊗the␈α⊗practices␈α⊗of␈α⊗enforcement␈α⊗agencies
␈↓ α,␈↓represent␈α→a␈α→compromise␈α→among␈α→several␈α→considerations:␈α→suppression␈α→of␈α→activities␈α→regarded␈α→as
␈↓ α,␈↓undesirable,␈α∂costs,␈α∂the␈α∂convenience␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂authorities,␈α∂and␈α∂civil␈α∂liberties␈α∂(i.e.␈α∂ the␈α∂right␈α∂of␈α∂citizens
␈↓ α,␈↓not␈α∀to␈α∀have␈α∀their␈α∀privacy␈α∀invaded␈α∀or␈α∀even␈α∀worse␈α∀to␈α∀be␈α∀wrongfully␈α∀punished).␈α∀ The␈α∀matter␈α∀is
␈↓ α,␈↓further␈α∀complicated␈α∀by␈α∀the␈α∀fact␈α∀that␈α∀what␈α∀activities␈α∀are␈α∀so␈α∀undesirable␈α∀as␈α∀to␈α∀be␈α∀prevented␈α∀by
␈↓ α,␈↓legal␈α∃means␈α∃depends␈α∃on␈α∃one's␈α∃point␈α∃of␈α∃view␈α∃which␈α∃is␈α∃further␈α∃in∨uenced␈α∃by␈α∃one's␈α∃position␈α∃in
␈↓ α,␈↓society.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|It␈α∂is␈α∂not␈α∂the␈α∂purpose␈α∂of␈α∂this␈α∂essay␈α∂to␈α∂resolve␈α∂all␈α∂these␈α∂problems,␈α∂but␈α∂merely␈α∂to␈α∂point␈α∂out␈α∂how
␈↓ α,␈↓technology␈α⊃can␈α⊃make␈α⊃the␈α⊃problems␈α⊃easier␈α⊃to␈α⊃solve.␈α⊃ In␈α⊃the␈α⊃main,␈α⊃we␈α⊃shall␈α⊃be␈α⊃interested␈α⊃in␈α⊃ways
␈↓ α,␈↓in␈α∀which␈α∀behavior␈α∀that␈α∀is␈α∀universally␈α∀agreed␈α∀to␈α∀be␈α∀criminal␈α∀can␈α∀be␈α∀prevented␈α∀while␈α∀the␈α∀civil
␈↓ α,␈↓liberties can be increased.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Perhaps␈α⊗the␈α⊗suggestions␈α⊗I␈α⊗give␈α⊗≡rst,␈α⊗for␈α⊗preventing␈α⊗crime,␈α⊗will␈α⊗make␈α⊗you␈α⊗nervous.␈α⊗ The
␈↓ α,␈↓subsequent␈α↔suggestions,␈α↔for␈α↔preserving␈α↔and␈α↔extending␈α↔civil␈α↔liberties,␈α↔ought␈α↔to␈α↔make␈α↔you␈α↔feel
␈↓ α,␈↓better.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The incidence of certain crimes can be reduced as follows:

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The␈α∪use␈α∪of␈α∪guns␈α∪for␈α∪crime␈α∪could␈α∪be␈α∪reduced␈α∪by␈α∪registering␈α∪guns,␈α∪as␈α∪often␈α∪proposed.␈α∪ The
␈↓ α,␈↓National␈α∃Ri∨e␈α∃Association␈α∃has␈α∃frequently␈α∃objected␈α∃to␈α∃this␈α∃idea␈α∃because␈α∃they␈α∃suspect␈α∃that␈α∃the
␈↓ α,␈↓next␈α∃step␈α∃after␈α∃registering␈α∃all␈α∃guns␈α∀would␈α∃be␈α∃to␈α∃impound␈α∃all␈α∃guns,␈α∃and␈α∃I␈α∃suspect␈α∃that␈α∃they're
␈↓ α,␈↓right¬␈α↔most␈α↔of␈α↔the␈α↔people␈α⊗who␈α↔propose␈α↔registration␈α↔would␈α↔indeed␈α↔like␈α↔to␈α↔con≡scate␈α↔guns.␈α↔ I
␈↓ α,␈↓suggest␈α⊂a␈α⊂compromise.␈α⊂ Perhaps␈α⊂gun␈α⊂enthusiasts␈α⊂would␈α⊂agree␈α⊂to␈α⊂register␈α⊂guns␈α⊂if␈α⊂they␈α⊂were␈α⊂given
␈↓ α,␈↓some␈α⊃concrete␈α⊃reason␈α⊃not␈α⊃to␈α⊃fear␈α⊃con≡scation.␈α⊃ (Like␈α⊃maybe␈α⊃we␈α⊃could␈α⊃add␈α⊃something␈α⊃to␈α⊃the␈α⊃Bill
␈↓ α,␈↓of Rights about the right to bear arms?)

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Tag␈α⊃bullets␈α⊃with␈α⊃radioactive␈α⊃isotopes.␈α⊃ If␈α⊃each␈α⊃box␈α⊃of␈α⊃bullets␈α⊃is␈α⊃tagged␈α⊃with␈α⊃30␈α⊃isotopes␈α⊃out
␈↓ α,␈↓of␈α∃30␈α∃pairs␈α∃of␈α∃isotopes␈α∃(one␈α∀from␈α∃each␈α∃pair),␈α∃then␈α∃if␈α∃a␈α∃bullet␈α∃is␈α∃found␈α∃in␈α∃someone,␈α∃it␈α∃can␈α∃be
␈↓ α,␈↓determined␈α∩who␈α∩bought␈α∩the␈α∩box␈α∩of␈α∩bullets␈α∩provided␈α∩sales␈α∩of␈α∩bullets␈α∩are␈α∩registered.␈α∩ Of␈α∩course,
␈↓ α,␈↓illegal␈α∃bullets␈α∃could␈α∃be␈α∃manufactured,␈α∃but␈α∃criminals␈α∃do␈α∃not␈α∃use␈α∃a␈α∃uniform␈α∃kind␈α∃of␈α∃gun,␈α∃and
␈↓ α,␈↓possession␈α↔of␈α↔untagged␈α↔bullets␈α↔would␈α↔be␈α↔a␈α↔crime.␈α↔ Likewise,␈α↔gun␈α↔barrels␈α↔should␈α↔be␈α↔ri∨ed␈α↔or
␈↓ α,␈↓otherwise␈α∃scored␈α∃and␈α∃the␈α∃scoring␈α∃registered␈α∃when␈α∃the␈α∃gun␈α∃is␈α∃manufactured␈α∃so␈α∃that␈α∃if␈α∃a␈α∃≡red
␈↓ α,␈↓bullet is found, the registered owner of the gun can be determined.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The␈α∀government␈α∀should␈α∀obtain␈α∀the␈α∀co-operation␈α∀of␈α∀the␈α∀bullet␈α∀manufacturers␈α∀and␈α∀put␈α∀the
␈↓ α,␈↓marking␈α⊃system␈α⊃into␈α⊃e≥ect␈α⊃without␈α⊃notice␈α⊃so␈α⊃that␈α⊃the␈α⊃unmarked␈α⊃bullets␈α⊃would␈α⊃be␈α⊃∨ushed␈α⊃out␈α⊃of
␈↓ α,␈↓the system before too many criminals noticed.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Such␈α∞a␈α∂scheme␈α∂is␈α∂already␈α∂under␈α∂consideration␈α∂for␈α∞explosives,␈α∂and␈α∂it␈α∂is␈α∂often␈α∂possible␈α∂to␈α∂trace
␈↓ α,␈↓the origin of dynamite used in a bomb.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Theft.
␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ ⊂F2


␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Eliminate␈α⊂money.␈α⊂ Paychecks␈α⊂have␈α⊂practically␈α⊂eliminated␈α⊂the␈α∂payroll␈α⊂robbery␈α⊂which␈α⊂used␈α⊂to
␈↓ α,␈↓be␈α~the␈α~most␈α~lucrative␈α~and␈α~easy␈α~kind␈α~of␈α~robbery.␈α~ The␈α~universal␈α~use␈α~of␈α~credit␈α~cards␈α~with
␈↓ α,␈↓photographs␈α∪of␈α∪the␈α∪owner␈α∪and␈α∪credit␈α∪checking␈α∪terminals␈α∪would␈α∪make␈α∪the␈α∪theft␈α∪of␈α∪cash␈α∪into␈α∪a
␈↓ α,␈↓minor␈α⊂problem.␈α⊂ If␈α⊂money␈α⊂were␈α⊂completely␈α⊂eliminated,␈α⊂a␈α⊂robber␈α⊂would␈α⊂have␈α⊂to␈α⊂demand␈α⊂that␈α⊂his
␈↓ α,␈↓victim␈α∩transfer␈α∩$500␈α∩to␈α∩account␈α∩number␈α∩558␈α⊃30␈α∩4793,␈α∩leaving␈α∩an␈α∩easy-to-follow␈α∩trail.␈α∩ However,
␈↓ α,␈↓note␈α⊂that␈α⊂most␈α⊂taxis␈α⊂do␈α⊂not␈α⊂yet␈α⊂accept␈α⊂credit␈α⊂cards␈α⊂although␈α⊂this␈α⊂is␈α⊂easy␈α⊂with␈α⊂present␈α⊂technology
␈↓ α,␈↓and would reduce the cash they have to carry.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Credit␈α∀card␈α∀companies␈α∀charge␈α∀businesses␈α∀increasing␈α∀amounts␈α∀for␈α∀their␈α∀services,␈α∀and␈α∀some
␈↓ α,␈↓small␈α⊂businesses␈α⊂have␈α⊂given␈α⊂up␈α⊂accepting␈α⊂cards␈α⊂to␈α⊂avoid␈α⊂incurring␈α⊂these␈α⊂charges.␈α⊂ Technologies
␈↓ α,␈↓and␈α∀business␈α∀practices␈α∀would␈α∀have␈α∀to␈α∀be␈α∀found␈α∀to␈α∀reduce␈α∀these␈α∀costs.␈α∀ In␈α∀general,␈α∀credit␈α∀card
␈↓ α,␈↓technology␈α↔requires␈α↔improvement.␈α↔ The␈α↔imprinting␈α↔machines␈α↔currently␈α↔used␈α↔to␈α↔make␈α↔charge
␈↓ α,␈↓slips,␈α∪for␈α∪example,␈α∪ought␈α∪to␈α∪run␈α∪a␈α∪credit␈α∪check␈α∪at␈α∪the␈α∪same␈α∪time.␈α∪ Credit␈α∪card␈α∪numbers␈α∪ought
␈↓ α,␈↓not␈α∀to␈α∀be␈α∀visibly␈α∀imprinted␈α∀on␈α∀the␈α∀charge␈α∀slip,␈α∀in␈α∀order␈α∀to␈α∀make␈α∀it␈α∀hard␈α∀for␈α∀criminals␈α∀to␈α∀get
␈↓ α,␈↓hold␈α∀of␈α∀credit␈α∀card␈α∀numbers.␈α∀ Ultimately,␈α∀it␈α∀would␈α∀probably␈α∀be␈α∀best␈α∀to␈α∀eliminate␈α∀charge␈α∀slips
␈↓ α,␈↓and other pieces of paper that clutter up such transactions.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|If␈α≥cash␈α≥is␈α≥completely␈α≥eliminated,␈α≥then␈α≥even␈α≥private␈α≥≡nancial␈α≥transactions␈α≥have␈α≥to␈α≥be
␈↓ α,␈↓recorded␈α⊗and␈α⊗fencing␈α⊗of␈α⊗stolen␈α⊗goods␈α⊗can␈α⊗be␈α⊗detected.␈α⊗ Criminals␈α⊗already␈α⊗have␈α⊗a␈α⊗hard␈α⊗time
␈↓ α,␈↓laundering␈α_money,␈α_and␈α_this␈α_would␈α↔make␈α_it␈α_much␈α_harder␈α_or␈α_impossible.␈α_ If␈α_it␈α_is␈α_considered
␈↓ α,␈↓infeasible␈α∃to␈α∃eliminate␈α∃money,␈α∃an␈α∃inexpensive␈α∃device␈α∃to␈α∃check␈α∃and␈α∃register␈α∃serial␈α∃numbers␈α∃of
␈↓ α,␈↓bills␈α⊂can␈α⊂be␈α⊂attached␈α⊂to␈α⊂cash␈α⊂registers.␈α⊂ The␈α⊂idea␈α⊂is␈α⊂that␈α⊂the␈α⊂bill␈α⊂is␈α⊂entered␈α⊂into␈α⊂the␈α⊂cash␈α⊂register
␈↓ α,␈↓as␈α≠in␈α≠the␈α≠slot␈α≠of␈α≠a␈α≠change␈α≠maker.␈α≠ The␈α≠serial␈α≠number␈α≠of␈α≠the␈α≠bill␈α≠is␈α≠read␈α≠and␈α≠a␈α≠call␈α≠is
␈↓ α,␈↓automatically␈α→made␈α→to␈α→check␈α→the␈α→bill␈α→against␈α→a␈α→list␈α→of␈α→hot␈α→money.␈α→ Outgoing␈α→bills␈α→are␈α→also
␈↓ α,␈↓registered.␈α⊗ A␈α⊗robbed␈α⊗individual␈α⊗will␈α⊗be␈α⊗able␈α⊗to␈α⊗identify␈α⊗at␈α⊗least␈α⊗some␈α⊗of␈α⊗the␈α⊗stolen␈α⊗bills␈α⊗by
␈↓ α,␈↓reporting what he can remember about his most recent transactions with cash registers.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Extend␈α∀property␈α∀registration␈α∀like␈α∀that␈α∀required␈α∀for␈α∀automobiles␈α∀to␈α∀the␈α∀kinds␈α∀of␈α∀expensive
␈↓ α,␈↓goods␈α∩that␈α∩are␈α∩commonly␈α∩stolen␈α∩such␈α∩as␈α∩TVs,␈α∩hi-≡s,␈α∩cameras,␈α∩expensive␈α∩musical␈α∩instruments.␈α∩It
␈↓ α,␈↓would␈α→then␈α→be␈α→illegal␈α→to␈α_possess␈α→or␈α→repair␈α→these␈α→items␈α→without␈α→proper␈α→papers.␈α→ Registration
␈↓ α,␈↓should␈α∂be␈α∂simpler␈α∂than␈α∂it␈α∂is␈α∂for␈α∂cars,␈α∂where␈α∂the␈α∂process␈α∂is␈α∂complicated␈α∂by␈α∂the␈α∂government's␈α∂wish
␈↓ α,␈↓to␈α∂collect␈α∂taxes.␈α∂ With␈α∂the␈α∂home␈α∂terminal,␈α∂registration␈α∂could␈α∂take␈α∂place␈α∂very␈α∂quickly.␈α∂ One␈α∂could
␈↓ α,␈↓start␈α∩by␈α∩making␈α∩registration␈α∩optional␈α∩with␈α∩the␈α⊃initial␈α∩purchaser␈α∩with␈α∩the␈α∩registered␈α∩items␈α∩being
␈↓ α,␈↓distinctively␈α≤marked.␈α≤ Subsequent␈α≤purchasers␈α≠would␈α≤have␈α≤to␈α≤maintain␈α≤the␈α≤registration.␈α≤ A
␈↓ α,␈↓purchaser␈α≥of␈α≥a␈α≥hi-≡,␈α≥for␈α≥example,␈α≥would␈α≥decide␈α≥whether␈α≥the␈α≥trouble␈α≥of␈α≥maintaining␈α≥the
␈↓ α,␈↓registration␈α∩would␈α∩compensate␈α∩for␈α∩the␈α∩reduced␈α∩attractiveness␈α∩of␈α∩theft.␈α∩ He␈α∩might␈α∩also␈α∩speculate
␈↓ α,␈↓on whether the price he could get on resale would be more or less if the item were registered.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Other␈α~violence.␈α~Family␈α~violence␈α~is␈α~among␈α~the␈α~most␈α~prevalent,␈α~and␈α~will␈α~always␈α~be␈α~the
␈↓ α,␈↓hardest␈α∀to␈α∀prevent.␈α∀ Preventing␈α∀spouses␈α∀from␈α∀slugging␈α∀each␈α∀other,␈α∀brothers␈α∀from␈α∀killing␈α∀each
␈↓ α,␈↓other,␈α∞and␈α∂so␈α∂forth,␈α∂is␈α∂always␈α∂going␈α∂to␈α∞be␈α∂hard.␈α∂ However,␈α∂technology␈α∂could␈α∂help␈α∂in␈α∂one␈α∂category
␈↓ α,␈↓of␈α∂crime␈α∂prevention␈α∂which␈α∂is␈α∂presently␈α∂almost␈α∂completely␈α∂ine≥ective¬␈α∂enforcement␈α∂of␈α∂restraining
␈↓ α,␈↓orders.␈α⊃ The␈α⊃courts␈α⊃frequently␈α⊃issue␈α⊃restraining␈α⊃orders␈α⊂making␈α⊃people␈α⊃liable␈α⊃to␈α⊃arrest␈α⊃if␈α⊃they␈α⊃do
␈↓ α,␈↓some␈α↔thing␈α↔speci≡cally␈α↔forbidden␈α↔in␈α↔the␈α↔order,␈α↔like␈α↔following␈α↔their␈α↔ex-wife,␈α↔calling␈α↔their␈α↔ex-
␈↓ α,␈↓husband,␈α⊂or␈α⊂trespassing␈α⊂on␈α⊂someone's␈α⊂property.␈α⊂ Then,␈α⊂if␈α⊂the␈α⊂order␈α⊂is␈α⊂violated,␈α⊂the␈α⊂complainant
␈↓ α,␈↓usually␈α⊂calls␈α⊂the␈α⊂police␈α⊂and␈α⊂is␈α⊂told␈α⊂that␈α⊂nothing␈α⊂can␈α⊂be␈α⊂done␈α⊂unless␈α⊂the␈α⊂o≠cer␈α⊂actually␈α⊂witnesses
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α→violation.␈α→ Battered␈α→wives␈α→frequently␈α→get␈α→restraining␈α→orders␈α→against␈α→their␈α→husbands,␈α→but
␈↓ α,␈↓rarely␈α_manage␈α_to␈α_get␈α_actual␈α_protection␈α_that␈α_way.␈α_ If␈α_these␈α_orders␈α_were␈α_accompanied␈α_by␈α_the
␈↓ α,␈↓technology␈α⊂to␈α⊂detect␈α⊂infractions,␈α⊂many␈α⊂violent␈α⊂confrontations␈α⊂could␈α⊂be␈α⊂avoided.␈α⊂ For␈α⊂example,␈α⊂if
␈↓ α,␈↓a␈α⊃person␈α⊃wearing␈α⊃a␈α⊃movement␈α⊃tracer␈α⊃entered␈α⊃an␈α⊃area␈α⊃he␈α⊃had␈α⊃been␈α⊃ordered␈α⊃to␈α⊃avoid,␈α⊃the␈α⊃police
␈↓ α,␈↓could be automatically alerted.  A telephone call in violation of an order could be recorded.
␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ ⊂F3


␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Hitch-hiking␈α⊃should␈α⊃be␈α⊃made␈α⊃safe␈α⊃both␈α⊃for␈α⊃the␈α⊃hitch-hiker␈α⊃and␈α⊃the␈α⊃person␈α⊃who␈α⊃picks␈α⊃him
␈↓ α,␈↓up.␈α⊃ This␈α⊃could␈α⊃be␈α⊃done␈α⊃if␈α⊃the␈α⊃transaction␈α⊃was␈α⊃recorded␈α⊃in␈α⊃some␈α⊃way.␈α⊃ If␈α⊃the␈α⊃car␈α⊃automatically
␈↓ α,␈↓photographed␈α∩its␈α∩passengers␈α∩and␈α∩transmitted␈α∩the␈α∩image␈α∩for␈α∩storage,␈α∩then␈α∩if␈α∩either␈α∩person␈α∩came
␈↓ α,␈↓to␈α∂a␈α∂bad␈α∂end,␈α∂the␈α∂presence␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂hitch-hiker␈α∂in␈α∂the␈α∂car␈α∂would␈α∂be␈α∂discovered.␈α∂ Even␈α∂without␈α∂this
␈↓ α,␈↓I think hitchhiking should be encouraged as part of a more friendly society.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The␈α∂goal␈α∂is␈α∂that␈α∂anyone,␈α∂child␈α∂or␈α∂woman␈α∂should␈α∂be␈α∂able␈α∂to␈α∂go␈α∂anywhere␈α∂at␈α∂any␈α∂time␈α∂with␈α∂a
␈↓ α,␈↓high␈α↔degree␈α↔of␈α↔safety␈α↔from␈α↔molestation.␈α↔ This␈α↔could␈α↔be␈α↔accomplished␈α↔by␈α↔having␈α↔the␈α↔person
␈↓ α,␈↓carry␈α∩a␈α∩trackable␈α∩device␈α∩and␈α∩also␈α∩having␈α∩cameras␈α∩record␈α∩people␈α∩crossing␈α∩boundaries.␈α∩ Then␈α∩if
␈↓ α,␈↓something happened to someone, it would be discoverable who was in the area at the time.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|In␈α⊂this,␈α⊂we␈α⊂have␈α⊂to␈α⊂take␈α⊂into␈α⊂account␈α⊂the␈α⊂fact␈α⊂that␈α⊂crime␈α⊂is␈α⊂a␈α⊂rare␈α⊂event.␈α⊂ Thus,␈α⊂the␈α⊂records
␈↓ α,␈↓taken␈α⊂are␈α⊂not␈α⊂inspected␈α⊂by␈α⊂humans␈α⊂unless␈α∂a␈α⊂crime␈α⊂has␈α⊂occurred.␈α⊂ This␈α⊂is␈α⊂what␈α⊂is␈α⊂currently␈α⊂done
␈↓ α,␈↓with␈α→the␈α→≡lm␈α→in␈α→bank␈α→cameras.␈α→ Further␈α→safeguards␈α→are␈α→required␈α→to␈α→protect␈α→people␈α→against
␈↓ α,␈↓surveillance,␈α⊃namely,␈α⊃if␈α⊃a␈α⊃person␈α⊃is␈α⊃identi≡ed␈α⊂in␈α⊃a␈α⊃photo␈α⊃that␈α⊃is␈α⊃looked␈α⊃at,␈α⊃then␈α⊃he␈α⊃gets␈α⊃to␈α⊃know
␈↓ α,␈↓about it, and gets to know what investigation it was part of.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Automobiles

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The␈α∀two␈α∀major␈α∀sources␈α∀of␈α∀con∨ict␈α∀between␈α∀ordinary␈α∀citizens␈α∀and␈α∀the␈α∀law␈α∀are␈α∀automobiles
␈↓ α,␈↓and␈α!taxes.␈α! I␈α!discuss␈α!taxes␈α!elsewhere␈α!in␈α!the␈α!section␈α!on␈α!increasing␈α!the␈α!productivity␈α!of
␈↓ α,␈↓bureaucracies.  Here are some ideas for reducing the con∨ict around automobiles.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The ultimate solution is computer driven cars discussed in another chapter of this book.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|A␈α∃major␈α∃source␈α∃of␈α∃injustice␈α∃and␈α∃complaint␈α∃is␈α∃the␈α∃erratic␈α∃nature␈α∃of␈α∃punishment␈α∃of␈α∃tra≠c
␈↓ α,␈↓infractions.␈α⊗ People␈α⊗see␈α⊗others␈α⊗getting␈α⊗away␈α⊗with␈α⊗it␈α⊗and␈α⊗whether␈α⊗one␈α⊗is␈α⊗caught␈α⊗is␈α⊗a␈α⊗random
␈↓ α,␈↓variable␈α∩with␈α∩high␈α∩variance.␈α∩ Also␈α∩the␈α∩punishments␈α∩are␈α∩more␈α∩severe␈α∩than␈α∩they␈α∩would␈α∩have␈α∩to
␈↓ α,␈↓be if the probability of being caught were higher.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Suppose␈α⊃that␈α⊃driver's␈α⊃licenses␈α⊃have␈α⊃the␈α⊃form␈α⊃of␈α⊃machine-readable␈α⊃credit␈α⊃cards,␈α⊃that␈α⊃the␈α⊃car
␈↓ α,␈↓will␈α⊃go␈α⊃only␈α⊃if␈α⊃a␈α⊃license␈α⊃is␈α⊃in␈α⊃a␈α⊃slot␈α⊃in␈α⊃the␈α⊃car,␈α⊃and␈α⊃suppose␈α⊃that␈α⊃a␈α⊃transponder␈α⊃in␈α⊃the␈α⊃car␈α⊃gives
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α∩license␈α∩of␈α∩the␈α∩car␈α∩and␈α∩of␈α∩the␈α∩driver␈α∩when␈α∩interrogated.␈α∩ Moreover,␈α∩the␈α∩speedometer␈α∩of␈α∩the
␈↓ α,␈↓car␈α∀is␈α∀recorded␈α∀also,␈α∀and␈α∀≡nally␈α∀the␈α∀recording␈α∀takes␈α∀place␈α∀in␈α∀the␈α∀driven␈α∀car␈α∀as␈α∀well␈α∀as␈α∀in␈α∀the
␈↓ α,␈↓police␈α∂car.␈α∂ The␈α∂numbers␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂police␈α∂car␈α∂and␈α∂its␈α∂driver␈α∂are␈α∂recorded␈α∂as␈α∂well␈α∂as␈α∂the␈α∂readings␈α∂of
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α∂speedometer␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂the␈α∂police␈α∂car␈α∂and␈α∂the␈α∂reading␈α∂of␈α∂its␈α∂radar.␈α∂ Thus␈α∂an␈α∂objective␈α∂record␈α∂of
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α∂event␈α∂is␈α∂available␈α∂to␈α∂both␈α∂parties.␈α∂ Police␈α∂cars␈α∂carry␈α∂television␈α∂cameras␈α∂and␈α∂video␈α∂tape␈α∂loops.
␈↓ α,␈↓When␈α⊃a␈α⊃policeman␈α⊃sees␈α⊃an␈α⊃infraction␈α⊃he␈α⊃causes␈α⊃the␈α⊃video␈α⊃tape␈α⊃loop␈α⊃to␈α⊃be␈α⊃copied␈α⊃onto␈α⊃a␈α⊃stored
␈↓ α,␈↓video␈α∪tape␈α∪along␈α∪with␈α∪relevant␈α∪information␈α∪such␈α∪as␈α∪the␈α∪speedometer␈α∪reading␈α∪of␈α∪the␈α∪police␈α∪car
␈↓ α,␈↓and␈α⊂the␈α⊂automobile␈α⊂and␈α⊂drivers␈α⊂license␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊂car␈α⊂he␈α⊂is␈α⊂following.␈α⊂ He␈α⊂can␈α⊂also␈α⊂warn␈α⊂the␈α⊂driver
␈↓ α,␈↓if␈α∃car-to-car␈α∃communication␈α∃is␈α∃provided,␈α∃but␈α∃he␈α∃doesn't␈α∃have␈α∃to␈α∃stop␈α∃it.␈α∃ Some␈α∃events␈α∃can␈α∃be
␈↓ α,␈↓recorded by roadside cameras also.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|This␈α∂will␈α∂vastly␈α∂increase␈α∂the␈α∂productivity␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂tra≠c␈α∂police␈α∂and␈α∂can␈α∂also␈α∂increase␈α∂the␈α∂level
␈↓ α,␈↓of␈α∀evidence␈α∀required␈α∀to␈α∀secure␈α∀conviction.␈α∀ It␈α∀will␈α∀no␈α∀longer␈α∀be␈α∀the␈α∀unsupported␈α∀word␈α∀of␈α∀the
␈↓ α,␈↓policeman␈α⊂against␈α⊂that␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊂motorist.␈α⊂ If␈α⊂a␈α⊂tendency␈α⊂to␈α⊂gimmick␈α⊂the␈α⊂hardware␈α⊂is␈α⊂suspected␈α⊂the
␈↓ α,␈↓hardware␈α⊗can␈α⊗be␈α⊗audited␈α⊗by␈α⊗civil␈α⊗rights␈α⊗organisations.␈α⊗ Since␈α⊗the␈α⊗probability␈α⊗of␈α⊗detection␈α⊗of
␈↓ α,␈↓infractions is increased, much more use can be made of warnings, and ≡nes can be reduced.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|A␈α∨means␈α∨of␈α∨car-to-car␈α∨communication␈α∨will␈α∨also␈α∨aid␈α∨in␈α∨tra≠c␈α∨direction,␈α∨requests␈α∨for
␈↓ α,␈↓directions, and in giving warnings.
␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ ⊂F4


␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|A␈α↔related␈α↔possibility␈α↔is␈α↔the␈α⊗wired␈α↔cop.␈α↔ A␈α↔policeman␈α↔on␈α↔duty␈α↔carries␈α↔a␈α↔miniature␈α↔sound
␈↓ α,␈↓recorder␈α→that␈α→records␈α→all␈α→sound␈α→sin␈α→his␈α→presence.␈α→ When␈α→technology␈α→permits,␈α→vision␈α→can␈α→be
␈↓ α,␈↓added.␈α↔ The␈α↔record␈α↔will␈α↔be␈α↔availaable␈α↔to␈α↔either␈α↔side␈α↔in␈α↔a␈α↔case.␈α↔ Having␈α↔such␈α↔a␈α↔record␈α↔will
␈↓ α,␈↓permit␈α⊗higher␈α⊗standards␈α⊗of␈α⊗proof,␈α⊗but␈α⊗one␈α⊗of␈α⊗its␈α⊗main␈α⊗bene≡ts␈α⊗will␈α⊗be␈α⊗to␈α⊗assure␈α⊗police␈α⊗that
␈↓ α,␈↓crimes␈α∩they␈α∩see␈α∩will␈α∩be␈α∩prosecutable.␈α∩ this␈α∩will␈α∩reduce␈α∩their␈α∩desire␈α∩to␈α∩make␈α∩the␈α∩arrest␈α∩process␈α∩a
␈↓ α,␈↓punishment in itself.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Civil rights

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|How␈α∂much␈α∂civil␈α∂liberty␈α∂should␈α∂people␈α∂have?␈α∂ This␈α∂question␈α∂has␈α∂been␈α∂much␈α∂debated␈α∂as␈α∂civil
␈↓ α,␈↓rights␈α∪have␈α∪extended.␈α∪ The␈α∪traditional␈α∪way␈α∪civil␈α∪rights␈α∪have␈α∪been␈α∪extended␈α∪is␈α∪to␈α∪pretend␈α∪that
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α∩rights␈α∩have␈α∩always␈α∩existed␈α∩and␈α∩that␈α∩a␈α∩violation␈α∩is␈α∩being␈α∩detected.␈α∩ This␈α∩obscures␈α∩the␈α∩truth
␈↓ α,␈↓of␈α↔the␈α↔matter.␈α↔ Namely,␈α↔individuals␈α⊗in␈α↔a␈α↔society␈α↔should␈α↔have␈α↔all␈α↔the␈α↔civil␈α↔rights␈α↔society␈α↔can
␈↓ α,␈↓a≥ord,␈α∩and␈α∩these␈α∩rights␈α∩should␈α∩be␈α∩extended␈α∩as␈α∩time␈α∩goes␈α∩on.␈α∩ Here␈α∩are␈α∩some␈α∩proposals␈α∩to␈α∩that
␈↓ α,␈↓end:

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|The␈α∪arrest␈α∪of␈α∪a␈α∪person␈α∪accused␈α∪of␈α∪a␈α∪crime␈α∪should␈α∪be␈α∪very␈α∪rare␈α∪even␈α∪for␈α∪murder.␈α∪ As␈α∪the
␈↓ α,␈↓world␈α~becomes␈α~more␈α~settled␈α~and␈α~the␈α~technology␈α~improves,␈α~the␈α~feasibility␈α~of␈α~running␈α~away
␈↓ α,␈↓declines.␈α∩ Therefore,␈α∩the␈α∩accused␈α∩can␈α∩be␈α∩counted␈α∩on␈α∩in␈α∩most␈α∩cases␈α∩to␈α∩be␈α∩available␈α∩for␈α∩his␈α∩trial.
␈↓ α,␈↓Exceptions␈α∩might␈α∩be:␈α∩the␈α∩defendant␈α∩is␈α∩accused␈α⊃of␈α∩attempting␈α∩to␈α∩injure␈α∩someone␈α∩and␈α∩might␈α∩still
␈↓ α,␈↓do␈α∂it␈α∂if␈α∂he␈α∂were␈α∂free;␈α∂he␈α∂is␈α∂accused␈α∂of␈α∂failing␈α∂to␈α∂appear␈α∂for␈α∂trial.␈α∂ The␈α∂present␈α∂practical␈α∂objection
␈↓ α,␈↓is␈α∩that␈α∩delays␈α∩in␈α∩trial␈α∩are␈α∩so␈α∩great␈α∩and␈α∩so␈α∩easy␈α∩for␈α∩a␈α∩defendant␈α∩to␈α∩extend␈α∩that␈α∩many␈α∩dangerous
␈↓ α,␈↓activities␈α∩such␈α∩as␈α∩dope␈α∩peddling␈α∩or␈α∩systematic␈α∩extortion␈α∩would␈α∩continue␈α∩without␈α∩interruption␈α∩if
␈↓ α,␈↓arrest␈α⊂always␈α⊂resulted␈α⊂in␈α⊂immediate␈α⊂release␈α⊂on␈α⊂recognizance.␈α⊂ Promptness␈α⊂of␈α⊂trial␈α⊂would␈α⊂≡x␈α⊂this,
␈↓ α,␈↓but␈α∪perhaps␈α∪the␈α∪state␈α∪could␈α∪ask␈α∪for␈α∪a␈α∪court␈α∪order␈α∪of␈α∪temporary␈α∪exile␈α∪from␈α∪a␈α∪city␈α∪for␈α∪someone
␈↓ α,␈↓whom␈α⊂they␈α⊂can␈α⊂show␈α⊂is␈α⊂␈↓↓probably␈↓␈α⊂dangerous.␈α⊂ They␈α⊂must␈α⊂pay␈α⊂this␈α⊂person␈α⊂compensation␈α⊂while␈α⊂he
␈↓ α,␈↓is␈α⊂away␈α⊂and␈α⊂pay␈α⊂damages␈α⊂if␈α⊂he␈α∂is␈α⊂not␈α⊂convicted.␈α⊂ A␈α⊂person␈α⊂on␈α⊂bail␈α⊂for␈α⊂a␈α⊂crime␈α⊂of␈α⊂violence␈α⊂must
␈↓ α,␈↓wear␈α→a␈α→locator␈α→and␈α→a␈α→"bell"␈α→or␈α→a␈α→"night␈α→bell"␈α→or␈α→in␈α→extreme␈α→circumstances␈α→an␈α→immobilizer
␈↓ α,␈↓triggered␈α∩by␈α∩a␈α∩scream␈α∩or␈α∩a␈α∩police␈α∩whistle.␈α∩ An␈α∩immediately␈α∩feasible␈α∩improvement␈α∩is␈α∩to␈α∩require
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α∀police␈α∀to␈α∀accept␈α∀checks␈α∀for␈α∀bail.␈α∀ The␈α∀courts␈α∀are␈α∀in␈α∀a␈α∀better␈α∀position␈α∀to␈α∀resent␈α∀bad␈α∀checks
␈↓ α,␈↓than␈α∃any␈α∃other␈α∃institution␈α∃in␈α∃our␈α∃society.␈α∃ Making␈α∃people␈α∃spend␈α∃a␈α∃night␈α∃in␈α∃jail␈α∃because␈α∃they
␈↓ α,␈↓don't have cash for bail is part of making arrest a punishment.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|␈↓↓Jails␈↓␈α~for␈α~holding␈α~arrested␈α~persons␈α~should␈α~be␈α~separate␈α~from␈α~␈↓↓prisons␈↓␈α~holding␈α~convicted
␈↓ α,␈↓persons.␈α⊂ A␈α⊂jail␈α⊂should␈α⊂be␈α⊂a␈α⊂hotel␈α⊂with␈α⊂good␈α⊂services␈α⊂including␈α⊂entertainment␈α⊂-␈α⊂in␈α⊂keeping␈α⊂with
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α∩idea␈α∩that␈α∩the␈α∩person␈α∩is␈α∩presumed␈α⊃innocent␈α∩until␈α∩convicted.␈α∩The␈α∩custodial␈α∩agency␈α∩should␈α∩be
␈↓ α,␈↓independent␈α∀of␈α∀the␈α∀police␈α∀or␈α∀the␈α∀prosecutor,␈α∀and␈α∀these␈α∀agencies␈α∀should␈α∀have␈α∀no␈α∀access␈α∀to␈α∀the
␈↓ α,␈↓prisoner␈α→if␈α→he␈α→doesn't␈α→want␈α→to␈α→see␈α→them.␈α→ The␈α→prisoner␈α→should␈α→have␈α→full␈α→rights␈α→of␈α→private
␈↓ α,␈↓communication␈α⊂with␈α⊂anyone␈α⊂including␈α⊂the␈α⊂right␈α⊂to␈α⊂use␈α⊂ciphers.␈α⊂ Any␈α⊂exception␈α⊂should␈α⊂be␈α⊂based
␈↓ α,␈↓on␈α⊗a␈α⊗court␈α⊗order.␈α⊗It␈α⊗is␈α⊗not␈α⊗clear␈α⊗that␈α⊗our␈α⊗society␈α⊗can␈α⊗a≥ord␈α⊗this␈α⊗reform␈α⊗yet␈α⊗since␈α⊗the␈α⊗police
␈↓ α,␈↓depend␈α⊃on␈α⊃control␈α⊃of␈α⊃prisoners␈α⊃for␈α⊃much␈α⊃of␈α⊃their␈α⊃evidence.␈α⊃ On␈α⊃balance,␈α⊃I␈α⊃think␈α⊃we␈α⊃can␈α⊃a≥ord
␈↓ α,␈↓it␈α∂(certainly␈α∂once␈α∂the␈α∂technologies␈α∂proposed␈α∂in␈α∂this␈α∂chapter␈α∂become␈α∂available),␈α∂and␈α∂in␈α∂any␈α∂case␈α∂it
␈↓ α,␈↓should␈α∪be␈α∪a␈α∪goal␈α∪to␈α∪be␈α∪implemented␈α∪as␈α∪soon␈α∪as␈α∪alternate␈α∪means␈α∪of␈α∪evidence␈α∪collection␈α∪become
␈↓ α,␈↓available so that confessions and plea bargaining can be dispensed with.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Every␈α↔institution␈α↔including␈α↔a␈α↔prison␈α↔develops␈α↔a␈α↔tradition.␈α↔ In␈α↔the␈α↔case␈α↔of␈α↔a␈α↔prison,␈α↔this
␈↓ α,␈↓tradition␈α⊃is␈α⊃usually␈α⊃one␈α⊃of␈α⊃cynicism,␈α⊃despair,␈α⊃individual␈α⊃sel≡shness␈α⊃and␈α⊃gang␈α⊃rule.␈α⊃ Attempts␈α⊃by
␈↓ α,␈↓reformers␈α⊗to␈α⊗make␈α⊗other␈α⊗attitudes␈α⊗dominant␈α⊗sometimes␈α⊗have␈α⊗success␈α⊗in␈α⊗new␈α⊗institutions␈α⊗with
␈↓ α,␈↓selected␈α∩inmates␈α∩and␈α∩young,␈α∩enthusiastic␈α∩personnel,␈α∩but␈α∩eventually␈α∩cynicism␈α∩among␈α∩the␈α∩inmates
␈↓ α,␈↓and␈α∪personnel␈α∪re-establishes␈α∪itself␈α∪and␈α∪is␈α∪almost␈α∪impossible␈α∪to␈α∪overcome.␈α∪ This␈α∪e≥ect␈α∪might␈α∪be
␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ ⊂F5


␈↓ α,␈↓mitigated␈α⊂by␈α⊂running␈α⊂prisons␈α⊂as␈α⊂batch␈α⊂processing␈α⊂rather␈α⊂than␈α⊂continuous␈α⊂institutions.␈α⊂ The␈α⊂idea
␈↓ α,␈↓is␈α∞that␈α∂a␈α∂group␈α∂of␈α∂prisoners␈α∂who␈α∂will␈α∞be␈α∂released␈α∂at␈α∂about␈α∂the␈α∂same␈α∂time␈α∂should␈α∂be␈α∂kept␈α∂together
␈↓ α,␈↓and␈α∂isolated␈α∂from␈α∂others.␈α∂ The␈α∂sta≥␈α∂will␈α∂attempt␈α∂to␈α∂establish␈α∂a␈α∂good␈α∂tradition␈α∂in␈α∂this␈α∂group.␈α∂ No
␈↓ α,␈↓prisoners␈α⊂whose␈α⊂terms␈α⊂overlap␈α⊂the␈α⊂release␈α⊂date␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊂group␈α⊂will␈α⊂be␈α⊂put␈α⊂in␈α⊂it.␈α⊂ When␈α⊂the␈α⊂group
␈↓ α,␈↓is␈α⊗released,␈α⊗the␈α⊗facility␈α⊗becomes␈α⊗available␈α⊗for␈α⊗a␈α⊗new␈α⊗batch.␈α⊗ This␈α⊗calls␈α⊗form␈α⊗numerous␈α⊗small
␈↓ α,␈↓prisons␈α∂rather␈α∂than␈α∂a␈α∂few␈α∂large␈α∂ones.␈α∂ Perhaps␈α∂a␈α∂number␈α∂of␈α∂states␈α∂could␈α∂share␈α∂facilities␈α∂in␈α∂order
␈↓ α,␈↓to␈α⊂put␈α⊂the␈α⊂prisoners␈α⊂into␈α⊂homogeneous␈α⊂groupings.␈α⊂ Any␈α⊂prisoner␈α⊂should␈α⊂have␈α⊂an␈α⊂absolute␈α⊂right
␈↓ α,␈↓of␈α~isolation␈α~from␈α~other␈α~prisoners␈α~whom␈α~he␈α~fears.␈α~ This␈α~could␈α~prevent␈α~prison␈α~gangs␈α~from
␈↓ α,␈↓intimidating other prisoners.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|A␈α∃counterpart␈α∃of␈α∃making␈α∃crime␈α∃more␈α∃di≠cult␈α∃is␈α∃making␈α∃going␈α∃straight␈α∃easier.␈α∃ Once␈α∃the
␈↓ α,␈↓country␈α∂can␈α∂a≥ord␈α∂to␈α∂give␈α∂each␈α∂person␈α∂a␈α∂base␈α∂income␈α∂independently␈α∂of␈α∂his␈α∂working,␈α∂people␈α∂who
␈↓ α,␈↓cannot␈α%bring␈α%themselves␈α%to␈α%work␈α%will␈α%have␈α%an␈α%alternative␈α%to␈α%crime.␈α% Under␈α%present
␈↓ α,␈↓circumstances,␈α∪it␈α∪might␈α∪pay␈α∪to␈α∪pension␈α∪released␈α∪criminals␈α∪at␈α∪a␈α∪rate␈α∪of␈α∪pay␈α∪less␈α∪than␈α∪it␈α∪costs␈α∪to
␈↓ α,␈↓keep␈α∞them␈α∂in␈α∂prison.␈α∂ If␈α∂this␈α∂were␈α∂done␈α∞only␈α∂for␈α∂those␈α∂who␈α∂have␈α∂spent␈α∂≡ve␈α∂years␈α∂in␈α∂prison,␈α∂there
␈↓ α,␈↓would␈α∪be␈α∪little␈α∪temptation␈α∪to␈α∪commit␈α∪a␈α∪crime␈α∪in␈α∪order␈α∪to␈α∪get␈α∪a␈α∪pension.␈α∪ Society␈α∪being␈α∪able␈α∪to
␈↓ α,␈↓a≥ord␈α_it␈α_requires␈α_advances␈α_in␈α_the␈α_technology␈α_of␈α_providing␈α_services␈α_comparable␈α_to␈α_those␈α_in
␈↓ α,␈↓providing material goods, because social mis≡ts require services at least as much as goods.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|In␈α∂general,␈α∂a␈α∂major␈α∂object␈α∂in␈α∂improving␈α∂the␈α∂technology␈α∂of␈α∂crime␈α∂prevention␈α∂and␈α∂detection␈α∂is
␈↓ α,␈↓to be able to a≥ord more civil rights.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Fears␈α≤are␈α≤often␈α≤expressed␈α≤about␈α≤the␈α≤danger␈α≤of␈α≤having␈α≤data␈α≤about␈α≤oneself␈α≤and␈α≤one's
␈↓ α,␈↓transactions␈α∂in␈α∂the␈α∂hands␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂government.␈α∂ They'll␈α∂say␈α∂they␈α∂want␈α∂it␈α∂to␈α∂protect␈α∂me␈α∂from␈α∂crime,
␈↓ α,␈↓but␈α∩what␈α∩if␈α∩they␈α∩use␈α∩it␈α∩against␈α∩me,␈α∩compiling␈α∩dossiers␈α∩for␈α∩whatever␈α∩reasons␈α∩occur␈α∩to␈α∩them␈α∩and
␈↓ α,␈↓spying␈α⊂on␈α⊂every␈α⊂aspect␈α⊂of␈α⊂my␈α⊂life?␈α⊂ One␈α⊂way␈α⊂to␈α⊂lessen␈α⊂this␈α⊂worry␈α⊂is␈α⊂to␈α⊂make␈α⊂it␈α⊂a␈α⊂two-way␈α⊂street.
␈↓ α,␈↓Citizens␈α⊂ought␈α⊂to␈α⊂be␈α⊂able␈α⊂to␈α⊂spy␈α⊂on␈α⊂the␈α⊂government.␈α⊂ Has␈α⊂the␈α⊂department␈α⊂spent␈α⊂that␈α⊂money␈α⊂yet?
␈↓ α,␈↓Did␈α∪they␈α∪get␈α∪competitive␈α∪bids?␈α∪ Is␈α∪there␈α∪actually␈α∪a␈α∪regulation␈α∪like␈α∪the␈α∪one␈α∪the␈α∪o≠cer␈α∪cited␈α∪me
␈↓ α,␈↓on?

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Furthermore,␈α⊗if␈α⊗the␈α⊗government␈α⊗is␈α⊗spying␈α⊗on␈α⊗you,␈α⊗you␈α⊗should␈α⊗be␈α⊗able␈α⊗to␈α⊗tell.␈α⊗ Everyone
␈↓ α,␈↓ought␈α⊃to␈α⊃be␈α⊃able␈α⊃to␈α⊃inspect␈α⊃their␈α⊃own␈α⊃records␈α⊃easily,␈α⊃which␈α⊃would␈α⊃include␈α⊃the␈α⊃information,␈α⊃say,
␈↓ α,␈↓that␈α∂the␈α∂Treasury␈α∂Department␈α∂has␈α∂been␈α∂looking␈α∂at␈α∂your␈α∂bank␈α∂records␈α∂as␈α∂part␈α∂of␈α∂a␈α∂routine␈α∂audit
␈↓ α,␈↓of␈α∩gira≥e␈α∩breeders.␈α∩ Your␈α∩record␈α∩would␈α∩say␈α∩who␈α∩looked␈α∩at␈α∩what␈α∩information,␈α∩and␈α∩what␈α∩reason
␈↓ α,␈↓they␈α~had␈α~for␈α~doing␈α~so.␈α~ Each␈α~inquiry␈α~would␈α~have␈α~a␈α~number,␈α~so␈α~that␈α~you␈α~could␈α~track␈α~its
␈↓ α,␈↓progress.␈α∞ Naturally,␈α∂not␈α∂everyone␈α∂would␈α∂have␈α∂the␈α∂right␈α∞to␈α∂look␈α∂at␈α∂your␈α∂records.␈α∂There␈α∂would␈α∂be
␈↓ α,␈↓two categories of ≡le, public and private.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|Part␈α⊗of␈α⊗the␈α⊗worry␈α⊗about␈α⊗abuse␈α⊗of␈α⊗police␈α⊗communication␈α⊗systems␈α⊗and␈α⊗future␈α⊗surveillance
␈↓ α,␈↓systems␈α!can␈α!be␈α!relieved␈α!by␈α!arranging␈α!for␈α!these␈α!systems␈α!to␈α!be␈α!audited␈α!by␈α!civil␈α!rights
␈↓ α,␈↓organisations.␈α∂ First,␈α∂civil␈α∂rights␈α∂organisations␈α∂should␈α∂have␈α∂copies␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂programs␈α∂and␈α∂the␈α∂right
␈↓ α,␈↓to␈α∪verify␈α∪that␈α∪the␈α∪programs␈α∪they␈α∪have␈α∪are␈α∪the␈α∪ones␈α∪actually␈α∪being␈α∪used.␈α∪ Second,␈α∪all␈α∪tra≠c␈α∪on
␈↓ α,␈↓the␈α_communication␈α_net,␈α_including␈α_all␈α_inquiries␈α_made,␈α_should␈α_be␈α_dumped␈α_on␈α_tape␈α_drives␈α_in
␈↓ α,␈↓custody␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊂civil␈α⊂rights␈α⊂organisations.␈α⊂ This␈α⊂must␈α⊂include␈α⊂the␈α⊂authorization␈α⊂for␈α⊂each␈α⊂inquiry.
␈↓ α,␈↓The␈α⊂civil␈α⊂rights␈α⊂organisation␈α⊂has␈α⊂the␈α⊂right␈α⊂to␈α⊂make␈α⊂statistical␈α⊂studies␈α⊂with␈α⊂the␈α⊂data␈α⊂and␈α⊂can␈α⊂get
␈↓ α,␈↓court␈α⊗orders␈α⊗to␈α⊗look␈α⊗at␈α⊗particular␈α⊗data␈α⊗when␈α⊗a␈α⊗question␈α⊗of␈α⊗abuse␈α⊗of␈α⊗the␈α⊗system␈α⊗arises.␈α⊗ Any
␈↓ α,␈↓organization␈α∂that␈α∂will␈α∂guarantee␈α∂the␈α∂security␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∂records␈α∂and␈α∂go␈α∂to␈α∂the␈α∂trouble␈α∂can␈α∂call␈α∂itself␈α∂a
␈↓ α,␈↓civil rights organization for this purpose.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|I␈α⊃have␈α⊃two␈α⊃opinions␈α⊃as␈α⊃to␈α⊃why␈α⊃this␈α⊃isn't␈α⊃as␈α⊃serious␈α⊃a␈α⊃worry␈α⊃as␈α⊃it␈α⊃might␈α⊃seem.␈α⊃ First,␈α⊃I␈α⊃don't
␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ ⊂F6


␈↓ α,␈↓think␈α≡that␈α≡dictatorships␈α≡come␈α≡about␈α≡through␈α≡information-gathering,␈α≡but␈α≡through␈α≡military
␈↓ α,␈↓power.␈α⊃ Second,␈α⊃I␈α⊃think␈α⊃that␈α⊃all␈α⊃this␈α⊃worry␈α⊃about␈α⊃what␈α⊃people␈α⊃will␈α⊃do␈α⊃with␈α⊃all␈α⊃this␈α⊃information
␈↓ α,␈↓is␈α⊂something␈α⊂of␈α⊂a␈α⊂superstition,␈α⊂like␈α⊂the␈α⊂belief␈α⊂that␈α⊂it's␈α⊂dangerous␈α⊂for␈α⊂an␈α⊂enemy␈α⊂to␈α⊂have␈α⊂a␈α⊂hair␈α⊂of
␈↓ α,␈↓your head.

␈↓ α,␈↓␈↓ α|These␈α⊂various␈α⊂anti-crime␈α⊂technologies␈α⊂may␈α⊂not␈α⊂be␈α⊂foolproof.␈α⊂ If␈α⊂they␈α⊂were␈α⊂put␈α⊂into␈α⊂practice,
␈↓ α,␈↓ingenious␈α⊃criminals␈α⊃would␈α⊃come␈α⊃up␈α⊃with␈α⊃ways␈α⊃to␈α⊃circumvent␈α⊃them.␈α⊃ Ingenious␈α⊃law␈α⊃enforcement
␈↓ α,␈↓experts␈α∩would␈α∩come␈α∩up␈α∩with␈α∩ways␈α∩to␈α∩forstall␈α∩those.␈α∩ But␈α∩if␈α∩crime␈α∩can't␈α∩be␈α∩eliminated,␈α∩it␈α∩can␈α∩be
␈↓ α,␈↓reduced.␈α∂ Most␈α∂people␈α∂would␈α∂agree␈α∂that␈α∂earlier␈α∂technological␈α∂innovations,␈α∂like␈α∂the␈α∂padlock,␈α∂have
␈↓ α,␈↓reduced␈α∂crime.␈α∂ Improved␈α∂technology␈α∂can␈α∂produce␈α∂new␈α∂categories␈α∂of␈α∂crime,␈α∂like␈α∂credit␈α∂card␈α∂theft,
␈↓ α,␈↓but should still cut crime over all.